Week 12- Plagiarism

1. Score = 2. The writer is cherry picking the original text to provide evidence convenient to his/her argument. This is misleading to the reader and the meaning and integrity of the original source is lost.

2. Score = -3. The writer cites Joseph Ellis, but does not provide a citation for his assertion about George Washington and slavery.

3. Score = -1. The writer provides citations at the end of the paragraph but Joseph Ellis' ideas are not properly credited in the paragraph. It's hard to tell where the original source ideas end and where the writer's ideas begin.

4. Score = -4. The writer uses whole sentences verbatim from the original text without citing or giving credit to the source.

5. Score = 5. The author quotes the original text appropriately and clearly indicates their own ideas from the source ideas. The writer re-applies the source in a new context and adds value to the source's conclusion by forming the writers own argument.

Week Eleven-Annotated bibliography

Research question: What type of nanoparticles are being synthesized and used as antimicrobial agents?

APA citation: 

Chowdhury, N. R., MacGregor-Ramiasa, M., Zilm, P., Majewski, P., & Vasilev, K. (2016). ‘Chocolate ’silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 482, 151-158.

Descriptive annotation:

Nanoparticles are becoming a popular tool to treat diseases and microbes. The most common antimicrobial nanoparticles are silver based. The issues involved with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the hazardous materials and toxic byproducts associated with their synthesis. A new emerging method involving cocoa extract is being investigated to synthesize more environmentally friendly AgNPs. The authors results show that cocoa based AgNPs are sustainable and effective antimicrobial agents against harmful pathogens while having low cytotoxicity on human cells.  

Evaluation annotation:

• The article was published in 2016, which is very reasonable for my topic because I am looking for new emerging methods involved in antimicrobial nanoparticles
• This article helps answer my research by giving me an example of an effective nanoparticle being used to treat specific pathogens. It also allows me to talk about environmental consequences of this technology, which is a perspective I'd like to include in my paper. 
• There are 5 authors on this paper including the corresponding author Krasimir Vasilev. I looked up professor Vasilev and he has a lot of experience in polymer chemistry. In 2016, he was awarded the prestigious Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers from the Humboldt foundation. His papers have also been cited over 3000 times. 
• The article has an environmental viewpoint on silver nanoparticles because they are looking for a greener way to synthesize these antimicrobial agents. The academic discipline is a combination of nanotechnology, material science, and microbiology. I do not perceive any biases in the article -- its experiment follows the scientific method and has appropriate statistical analysis. 
• Because this is a peer reviewed article I believe the facts and figures they present are truthful. If they were not, I would assume the article would not have passed peer review and would not have been published.
• This article is meant for scientists interested in the nanotechnology and microbiology, specifically with silver nanoparticles. It has a specific focus on AgNPs and a new method for its synthesis. 

Week 10 - Google Scholar and Forward Citations

Google Scholar:

- The search terms I used were "Antimicrobial", "Nanoparticles", and "Bacteria"
- I limited my search to 2014-2016
- I found similar articles on google scholar as I did with the databases. However I see articles on toxicity, which is a topic I might include in my paper.
-The search process was easy and straight forward. Before taking this course, Google Scholar was my primary destination for research and scholarly articles. Compared to the library databases, Google Scholar's interface seems more simple and easier to navigate.
-I will use this tool in the future because I like it's "cite" and "cited by" feature. I can quickly save the citation for the article and see previous and future research done on my topic.

Week Nine- Finding More Stuff through Citation Searching

Part One

1.

a. This is a chapter from a book.

b. I would go to Search It from the Vancouver library homepage. I am searching by the book title.

c. The book is available at Holland/Terrell Libraries Stacks. I would have to request the book by selecting “request item” and selecting WSU Vancouver library as the pickup location.

2.

a. This is a book.

b. I would go to Search It from the Vancouver library homepage. I am searching by the book title.

c. The book is available at Holland/Terrell Libraries Stacks and Tri-Cities library. I would have to request the book by selecting “request item” and selecting WSU Vancouver library as the pickup location.

3.

a. This is an article in a journal.

b. I would go to Search It from the Vancouver library homepage. I am searching by journal title – Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology.

c. The journal must be requested via ILLiad – Vancouver

4.

a. This is a periodical.

b. I would go to Search It from the Vancouver library homepage. I am searching by Periodical title – American Psychologist.

c. Available at all WSU campuses Through ProQuest. No iLLiad needed. In ProQuest I searched the title of the article and found it.

Part Two – The references in the articles I found for Part One only contained Journal articles. I couldn’t find any citations to books or chapters of a book, or periodicals.

1. a. Citation:

Briones, E.; Colino, C. I.; Lanao, J. M. Delivery Systems to Increase the Selectivity of Antibiotics in Phagocytic Cells. J. Controlled Release 2008, 125, 210– 227, DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.027

From

Maleki, H., Rai, A., Pinto, S., Evangelista, M., Cardoso, R. M., Paulo, C., & Durães, L. (2016). High Antimicrobial Activity and Low Human Cell Cytotoxicity of Core–Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with an Antimicrobial Peptide. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(18), 11366-11378.

b. Article in a journal

c. To get the full text I had to search the article title - Delivery Systems to Increase the Selectivity of Antibiotics in Phagocytic Cells—in academic search complete. It is available in full text and no interlibrary loan is needed.

2. a. Citation:

Ciofu, O., Tolker-Nielsen, T., Jensen, P.Ø., Wang, H., and Høiby, N. (2015) Antimicrobial resistance, respiratory tract infections and role of biofilms in lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 85: 7–23.

From

Cremonini, E., Zonaro, E., Donini, M., Lampis, S., Boaretti, M., Dusi, S., & Vallini, G. (2016). Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial activity and effects on human dendritic cells and fibroblasts. Microbial Biotechnology, 9(6), 758-771.

b. This is an article in a journal

c. To get the full text I had to search the article title – Antimicrobial resistance, respiratory tract infections and role of biofilms in lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients —in academic search complete. It is available in full text and no interlibrary loan is needed.

Part Three

This week’s assignment was interesting because I got learn more about how journal article references. In my research process prior to taking this class I would never look at the references in the articles I found. Now I know that some of the articles sited in the reference are also good resources for my topic. When trying to find specific sources in the reference section, I could only find other journal articles and no books or chapters from books. So I wasn’t able to get two different types of sources. But I did learn how to search for books using Search It and I learned a lot more about interlibrary loans and how to request articles and books.

Week Eight- More Searching

Article #1

a. Database- ASC Publications. Subject- Chemistry and Physics

b. Citation-

Maleki, H., Rai, A., Pinto, S., Evangelista, M., Cardoso, R. M., Paulo, C., & Durães, L. (2016). High Antimicrobial Activity and Low Human Cell Cytotoxicity of Core–Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with an Antimicrobial Peptide. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(18), 11366-11378.

c. Chemistry is related to my topic because the nanoparticles I am interested in are made from either organic or inorganic compounds. ASC Publications will provide the in depth mechanisms for how these chemicals form nanoparticles and their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents.

Article #2

a. Database- Medline/PubMed. Subject-

b. Citation-

Cremonini, E., Zonaro, E., Donini, M., Lampis, S., Boaretti, M., Dusi, S., & Vallini, G. (2016). Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial activity and effects on human dendritic cells and fibroblasts. Microbial Biotechnology, 9(6), 758-771.

c. PubMed will be a good database to find studies that test different types of nanoparticles in live cells.

Article #3

a. Database- BIOSIS. Subject- Biology and biomedicine

b. Citation

Beeler, E., & Singh, O. V. (2016). Extremophiles as sources of inorganic bio-nanoparticles. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32(9), 156.

c. The BIOSIS database will help me find sources that apply nanotechnology to medicine and biological systems.   

Reflection: At first I thought it would not be too useful for me to search different subject-specific databases compared to the multidisciplinary databases like Academic Search Complete. But after looking into different databases I found many interesting perspectives on my topic and some really good sources that will provide my researcher paper with insightful perspectives. For example, article #3 surprised me because it incorporates my first research topic idea with my current research questions, which was really cool.